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- WORLD, Page 32CHINARise of a Perfect Apparatchik
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- Deng asserts his authority with a surprise party appointment
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- The new name at the top of the party roster reads Jiang
- Zemin, but power in China still rests in the hands of a few
- octogenarians. So it made sense for them to choose as party
- General Secretary a man known as "the weather vane." Jiang is
- the consummate apparatchik, whose rise to nominal power rests
- almost wholly on his ability to read China's swirling political
- winds correctly. The 63-year-old former mayor of Shanghai
- perfectly mirrors the party line of the moment -- slower
- economic reform coupled with rigid political orthodoxy -- as he
- made clear last week in his maiden address. Jiang skipped
- lightly over his long-standing commitment to open-door economics
- in favor of defending the wave of repression that has followed
- the crash of the democracy movement. Said the party boss: "We
- shouldn't have an iota of forgiveness."
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- As Jiang settled into his new job, the purge widened
- against party officials and intellectuals associated with his
- more moderate predecessor, Zhao Ziyang, who was formally
- dismissed on June 24 from most of his major posts but not the
- party. The country was also subjected to an intense campaign
- aimed at building the visibility of 84-year-old Deng Xiaoping,
- who used to eschew the cult of personality but has come out of
- semiretirement to show that he is still firmly in charge. A
- speech Deng delivered on June 9 defending his order to the army
- to remove the demonstrators from Tiananmen Square was broadcast
- last week and widely praised by officials. Copies were
- distributed to schoolchildren for summer study.
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- The most important evidence of Deng's strength may be the
- unexpected appointment of Jiang. The beefy Shanghai official
- does not have any national power base or ties to the army, which
- makes him no threat to anyone in the hierarchy and thoroughly
- beholden to those who appointed him. As a tough-minded
- disciplinarian and agile implementer of policy, he is an ideal
- Secretary. "Deng is once again very much a hands-on leader,"
- said a senior British diplomat.
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- Other analysts read the elevation of a political neuter
- like Jiang as a signal that the succession battle between
- conservatives and liberals is not over. "He's manageable, and
- he'll serve as a placeholder until this power struggle is sorted
- out," said an Asian diplomat in Beijing. Still other observers
- thought Jiang owed his new job to a very recent success: his
- skillful "big lie" campaign aimed at convincing many Chinese
- that no civilian massacre ever happened.
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- Born in Yangzhou, near Shanghai, Jiang was educated as an
- engineer. He was sent to train in Moscow during the same period
- as hard-line Premier Li Peng. Unusually cosmopolitan for a
- Chinese leader, Jiang speaks Russian and English and reads
- several other languages. He advanced steadily in the machine and
- electronics industries until the Cultural Revolution temporarily
- derailed his career. Rehabilitated, he used his back-room skills
- in carrying out post-Mao economic policy to earn him election
- in 1982 to the Central Committee.
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- When Deng sought to develop Shanghai into a major
- industrial center, he turned to the faithful Jiang as the city's
- mayor. Jiang's unswerving orthodoxy and ability to bend at the
- slightest breeze endeared him to his Beijing superiors but not
- to Shanghainese. Nor were they impressed by his mediocre
- abilities as an administrator. After three years, he was shifted
- to Shanghai party chief in 1988 to make way for a more effective
- mayor.
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- Many observers predict that Jiang's incumbency as party
- Secretary will be equally short-lived, in the mode of Hua
- Guofeng, who first succeeded Mao Zedong. Hua warmed the top
- party chair for five years while Deng emerged. Just how long
- Jiang can hang on may depend less on his legendary skills at
- reading the political wind than on the longevity of the old men
- who lifted him to power.
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